能源需求將在2035年達到頂峰,推動能源投資的重組

   能源支出(占經濟產出的比例)將大幅放緩,因為從2035年起,能源需求將下降-根據DNVGL的“能源轉型展望”(EnergyTransformationOutlook)。我們能源需求的歷史性重大變化在很大程度上取決于快速電氣化及其固有的效率。

  
 
  能源結構的脫碳將反映在投資趨勢上,到2050年,用于可再生能源的資金將增加兩倍。相反,化石燃料支出將下降約三分之一。總的來說,能源支出的速度將放緩到如此程度,到本世紀中葉,作為gdp的一個百分比,的支出將比今天少44%。
  電氣化及其內在效率將導致人類能源需求從20世紀30年代中期開始下降。
  到2050年,能源支出占gdp的比例將下降44%。
  能源結構正在迅速脫碳;煤炭已經見頂,石油將在2023年達到峰值,天然氣將從2026年起成為大的單一能源。到本世紀中葉,可再生能源和化石燃料將平均分享供應。
  我們預測的快速轉變將不足以達到亞2?C氣候目標。幾項措施的有力結合是實現“巴黎協定”雄心的唯一途徑。
  自工業時代以來,經濟增長和能源使用一直在增長,但這種關系將在2035年終脫鉤,屆時能源需求將開始下降,國內生產總值(GDP)將繼續上升。
  “董事會和內閣的注意力應該集中在正在展開的戲劇性的能量轉換上。隨著貨幣和政策日益青睞天然氣和可再生能源,迅速電氣化的能源系統將帶來效率提高,超過國內生產總值和人口增長。這將導致未來半代內需要更少的能源,“DNVGL集團總裁兼席執行官雷米·埃里克森(Remi Eriksen)說。“過渡是不可否認的。去年,可再生能源比化石燃料增加了更多的可再生能源,這反映在貸方投入資金的地方。“
  化石燃料如果在我們的能源未來中發揮重要的作用,它在能源結構中所占的份額將從今天的80%左右下降到本世紀中葉的50%,另一半將由可再生能源提供。到2026年,天然氣將成為唯一的大能源,到2050年將滿足能源需求的25%。石油將在2023年達到頂峰,煤炭已經見頂。太陽能光伏(占能源供應的16%)和風能(12%)將成為可再生能源中重要的參與者,兩者都將滿足大部分新的電力需求。
  電氣化的趨勢已經籠罩著汽車工業。到2027年,歐洲銷售的新車中有一半將使用電池供電,五年后、印度和北美也將如此。到2050年,運輸部門在能源需求中所占份額將從27%下降到20%。
  能源需求的減少將反映在投資上,總支出將從今天的5.5%降至占GDP的3.1%。由于化石燃料將在一個較小的蛋糕中占有更小的份額,支出將減少三分之一,降至2.1萬億美元。這將被可再生能源(2.4萬億美元)和電網支出(1.5萬億美元)兩倍的增長所抵消。隨著風能和太陽能項目通常需要更多的前期CAPEX,然后更少的運營支出,這一支出的性質也將發生變化,這與石油和天然氣相反。
  變暖的溫度將超過“巴黎協定”規定的2度上限,盡管能源過渡的負擔得起的性質意味著,有足夠的資金用于采取特別措施,進一步減少碳排放。沒有靈丹妙藥和能源效率,可再生能源和碳捕獲和儲存(CCS)都必須加強,以應對氣候變化。
  “我們需要利用能源轉型的負擔能力,并采取特別措施,創造一個可持續的未來。我們有機會提高能源效率、可再生能源以及碳捕獲和儲存,以滿足“巴黎協定”的要求,但我們必須立即采取行動。
  DNVGL為可再生能源和油氣行業提供服務,“能源過渡展望”已成為能源未來的一個、公正的聲音。在其第二年,該模型已進一步完善,并作出了更積極的電氣化預測(45%的能源需求由運營商對40%),而總能源需求略高(6%)。
 
原文如下:

  Global spending on energy, as proportion of economic output, is set to slow sharply because the world’s energy demand will decline from 2035 onwards - that is according to DNV GL’s Energy Transition Outlook. The historically significant change in our energy needs is largely down to rapid electrification and its inherent efficiency.
  The world’s energy demand will peak in 2035 prompting a reshaping of energy investment
  The world’s energy demand will peak in 2035 prompting a reshaping of energy investment
  The decarbonization of the energy mix will be reflected in investment trends with money spent on renewables set to triple by 2050. Conversely, fossil fuel spending will dro by around a third. Overall, the rate of energy expenditure will slow to such a degree that by mid-century, as a percentage of GDP, the world will be spending 44% less than today.
  Electrification and its inherent efficiency will contribute to humanity’s energy demand declining from the mid-2030s onwards
  Global expenditure on energy, as a percentage of GDP, will fall 44% by 2050
  Energy mix is rapidly decarbonizing; coal has peaked, oil will peak in 2023 and natural gas will become largest single source from 2026. Renewables and fossil fuels to equally share supply by mid-century.
  The rapid transition we forecast will not be fast enough to meet the sub-2 ?C climate goal. A strong combination of several measures is the only way for the world to meet the ambitions of the Paris Agreement.
  Since the Industrial Age, economic growth and energy usage have grown hand in hand but that relationship is set to decouple definitively in 2035 when energy demand will start to dro and GDP continues to rise.
  “The attention of boardrooms and cabinets should be fixed on the dramatic energy transition that is unfolding. As money and policy increasingly favour gas and renewables, the rapidly electrifying energy system will deliver efficiency gains that outpace GDP and population growth. This will result in a world needing less energy within half a generation from now,” said Remi Eriksen, Group President and CEO of DNV GL. “The transition is undeniable. Last year, more gigawatts of renewable energy were added than those from fossil fuels and this is reflected in wher lenders are putting their money.”
  Fossil fuels will play an important if reduced role in our energy future with its share of the energy mix set to dro from around 80% today to 50% by the middle of the century, with the other half provided by renewables. Natural gas will become the single largest source in 2026 and it will meet 25% of the world’s energy needs by 2050. Oil will peak in 2023 and coal has already peaked. Solar PV (16% of world energy supply) and wind (12%) will grow to become the most significant players amongst the renewable sources with both set to meet the majority of new electricity demand.
  The electrification trend is already enveloping the automotive industry. By 2027 half of new cars sold in Europe will be battery powered and the same will be true five years later in China, India and North America. This will contribute to an overall reduction in the transport sector's share of global energy demand from 27% to 20% by 2050.
  The reduced requirement for energy will be reflected in investment with overall expenditure set to dro to 3.1% of global GDP from 5.5% today. As fossil fuels will have a smaller slice of a smaller pie, spending will fall by around a third to USD 2.1 trillion. This will be offset by the tripling of both renewables (USD 2.4 trn) and grid expenditure (USD 1.5 trn). The nature of the spending will also alter with wind and solar projects typically requiring greater upfront CAPEX and then less operating expenditure, the opposite to oil and gas.
  The planet is set to warm beyond the 2 degree limit as set by the Paris Agreement, although the affordable nature of the energy transition means there is capital available for extraordinary measures to further reduce carbon emissions. There is no silver bullet and energy efficiency, renewables and carbon capture and storage (CCS) must all be ramped up to combat climate change.
  “We need to capitalize on the affordability of the energy transition and take extraordinary measures to create a sustainable future. We have a window of opportunity to increase energy efficiency, renewable energy and carbon capture and storage to meet the Paris Agreement but we must act now,” said Eriksen.
  DNV GL serves both the renewables and oil & gas industries and the Energy Transition Outlook has become a leading impartial voice on the energy future. In its second year, the model has been refined further and has produced a more aggressive electrification forecast (45% of energy demand by carrier versus 40%) whilst the total energy demand is slightly higher (6%).